南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B在毕赤酵母的表达及酶学性质研究

为提高南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Candida antarcticalipase B,CALB)的表达量,根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)密码子偏好性设计合成CALB基因,插入表达载体pPIC9K构建重组质粒pPIC9K-CALB.重组质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115,经过G418抗性筛选得到多拷贝转化子.摇瓶发酵120 h后上清液酶活力达到46 U/mL,通过金属螯合层析纯化发酵液将CALB纯化了5.23倍,比活力达到856.7 U/mg,去糖基化实验显示重组CALB比野生型CALB大5 ku.实验考察了不同反应温度、pH值和金属离子对重组CALB活性和稳定性的影响,发现重组CALB最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和6.5,在pH 5.0~8.0之间以及40℃以下有较好稳定性,金属离子(10 mmol/L)Ca2+,Zn2+,Mn2+有助于CALB酶活力的提高,而Cu2+,Ag+,Fe3+强烈抑制酶催化反应.     

重组毕赤酵母体系生成PlUGT1蛋白适宜条件研究

通过单因素试验分别研究pH值和温度对重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIZA-PlUGT1生长以及甲醇浓度、pH值和温度对诱导表达PlUGT1蛋白的影响.结果表明,pH6.5和30 ℃是培养重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIZA-PlUGT1最佳的生长条件,重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIZA-PlUGT1诱导表达蛋白的适宜条件为甲醇体积分数0.5%、30 ℃和pH5.0,该条件下培养72 h,培养液中的蛋白质量浓度为0.721mg/mL.     

毕赤酵母发酵甘露醇产乙醇的条件研究

在250ml三角瓶中进行毕赤酵母（Pichia angophorae）发酵不同浓度的甘露醇生产乙醇的试验。试验先以浓度为20g/L、40g/L、60g/L、80g/L的甘露醇进行发酵试验确定出最适培养基组分,然后以正交试验确定菌株的最优发酵条件。结果确定出最适的发酵培养基组分为：甘露醇20g/L,酵母浸粉0.3g/L,麦芽浸粉0.3g/L,（NH4）2SO45g/L,KH2PO42g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.4g/L。最佳发酵条件为：温度32℃,摇床转速150rpm,初始pH值4.5,发酵液体积150ml,乙醇最大产量为0.45g ethanol/g mannitol。     

小鼠LEAP-2成熟肽基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

实验利用已构建的分泌型重组表达质粒pPIC9-mmLEAP-2,氯化锂转化表达宿主菌GS115毕赤酵母;应用表型和PCR技术筛选高拷贝转化株。经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDS—PAGE分析重组mmLEAP-2表达量,为进一步研究mmLEAP-2的活性奠定了基础。     

偏甘油酯脂肪酶PrLip的重组表达及酶学性质表征

偏甘油酯脂肪酶因其独特的底物偏好性具有广阔的应用前景。研究从食品安全菌娄地青霉的基因组中发现了一个假定的偏甘油酯脂肪酶prlip基因,通过全基因合成技术获得该酶基因序列,并构建了PrLip组成型表达的毕赤酵母基因工程菌。工程菌在30℃发酵培养60h,发酵活力达到22.26U/mL。利用阴离子交换层析法纯化,获得纯度大于90%的脂肪酶PrLip。酶学性质研究发现该酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,40℃的半衰期为6h,水解及酯化反应证实PrLip是一种偏甘油酯脂肪酶。脂肪酶PrLip具有良好的温度耐受性及对大多数表面活性剂的耐受性,使其具有广阔的工业应用前景。     

异常毕赤酵母产生耐温酸性脂肪酶的研究

采用 Rhodamine B指示剂染料法和三丁酸甘油酯琼脂平板透明圈法 ,从 2 3 7份土壤样品中分离得到一株酵母菌 1 0 1 3号 ,能较稳定地产生耐温酸性的脂肪酶 .该菌株经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定为异常毕赤酵母 ( Pichia anomala) .其产酶培养基组成 ( % ) :豆饼粉 2 .0 ,麦麸 1 .0 ,NH4 NO3 0 .4 ,KH2 PO4 0 .3 ,Mg SO4 · 7H2 O 0 .2 5,豆油 1 .0 .产酶最佳条件 :发酵起始 p H 5.8,温度 2 8℃ ,周期 3 6h.酶最适作用温度4 8℃ ,最适 p H 4 .8.在 p H 4 .8,50℃条件下 4 0 min能保持 60 %以上酶活 .Mg2 + 和 Na+ 对酶有激活作用 ,Zn2 + 、Fe2 + 、 Cu2 + 和 EDTA有抑制作用 .     

Structure and function of eukaryotic NAD(P)H:nitrate reductase

Pyridine nucleotide-dependent nitrate reductases (NRs; EC 1.6.6.1–3) are molybdenum-containing enzymes found in eukaryotic organisms which assimilate nitrate. NR is a homodimer with an ∼100 kDa polypeptide which folds into stable domains housing each of the enzyme's redox cofactors—FAD, heme-Fe molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) and the electron donor NAD(P)H—and there is also a domain for the dimer interface. NR has two active sites: the nitrate-reducing Mo-containing active site and the pyridine nucleotide active site formed between the FAD and NAD(P)H domains. The major barriers to defining the mechanism of catalysis for NR are obtaining the detailed three-dimensional structures for oxidized and reduced enzyme and more in-depth analysis of electron transfer rates in holo-NR. Recombinant expression of holo-NR and its fragments, including site-directed mutagenesis of key acative site and domain interface residues, are expected to make large contributions to this effort to understand the catalytic mechanism of NR.     

抗菌肽SMAP-29在毕赤酵母中的表达

依据毕赤酵母密码子偏好性,设计合成抗菌肽SMAP-29成熟肽基因片段,克隆到表达载体pPIC3.5K上,SalI线性化后转化毕赤酵母GS115,418抗性筛选高拷贝克隆,再由酵母菌落PCR鉴定;阳性克隆用甲醇诱导表达,Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析,结果在诱导第2d的酵母裂解液中检测到与预期的SMAP-29分子量接近,约3.2kD的诱导表达带;Trizol法提取酵母总RNA,并通过RT-PCR扩增SMAP-29mRNA,发现表达期的酵母细胞中存在SMAP-29mRNA,而对照没有检出,表明SMAP-29在毕赤酵母中存在表达。     

Expression, purification and characterization of a phyAm-phyCs fusion phytase

The phyA^m gene encoding acid phytase and optimized neutral phytase phyCs gene were inserted into expression vector pPIC9K in correct orientation and transformed into Pichiapastoris in order to expand the pH profile ofphytase and decrease the cost of production. The fusion phytase phyA^m-phyCs gene was successfully overexpressed in P. pastoris as an active and extracellular phytase. The yield of total extracellular fusion phytase activity is （25.4±0.53） U/ml at the flask scale and （159.1±2.92） U/ml for high cell-density fermentation, respectively. Purified fusion phytase exhibits an optimal temperature at 55 ℃ and an optimal pH at 5.5-6.0 and its relative activity remains at a relatively high level of above 70% in the range ofpH 2.0 to 7.0. About 51% to 63% of its original activity remains after incubation at 75 ℃ to 95 ℃ for 10 min. Due to heavy glycosylation, the expressed fusion phytase shows a broad and diffuse band in SDS-PAGE （sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis）. After deglycosylation by endoglycosidase H （EndoHf）, the enzyme has an apparent molecular size of 95 kDa. The characterization of the fusion phytase was compared with those ofphyCs andphyA^m.     

不同湿重诱导对毕赤酵母发酵生产植酸酶的影响

为了提高毕赤酵母工程菌（Mut+）植酸酶的表达量,对毕赤酵母工程菌50 L发酵生产植酸酶的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,通过流加葡萄糖提高菌体湿重到300 g/L,随后停止流加,溶氧回升后流加甲醇开始诱导,最终发酵结束时,植酸酶酶活达到21 666 U/mL,比对照提高12.9%,该诱导湿重有利于发酵生产植酸酶。